Lesson 11
INFINITIVES.
Revision:
Read and translate
To prescribe some eye-drops
To run a temperature
To have a fever
To have an itchy rash
To catch a cold
To run out of pills
To take some painkillers to take away the pain
To cough and sneeze
To be allergic to red fruit
To get over the flu in a week
NEW MATERIAL GRAMMAR
The infinitive is the base form of a verb.
The present infinitive has two forms:
-
the to-infinitive = to + V (to sit, to eat, to have…)
-
the bare infinitive = V (sit, eat, play)
The negative infinitive is formed by putting not in front of any form of the infinitive. ( not to V/ not V) not to work/ not work
EXAMPLES
-
I`ve decided not to go to make an appointment with my doctor
-
He asked me not to cough and sneeze in the kitchen
-
I'd like you not to sneeze so loudly.
THE TO-INFINITIVE TO INDICATE THE PURPOSE OR INTENTION OF AN ACTION
In this case to has the same meaning as in order to (why, what for?)
EXAMPLES
-
She came to take her blood pressure
-
I am calling to ask you about your symptoms
THE TO-INFINITIVE TO INDICATE WHAT SOMETHING CAN OR WILL BE USED FOR
In this pattern, the to-infinitive follows a noun or pronoun. (what for?)
EXAMPLES
-
I need a painkiller to take away the pain in my bones.
THE TO-INFINITIVE AFTER ADJECTIVES
subject + to be + adjective + (for/of someone) + to-infinitive + (rest of sentence)
Subject to be + adjective (+ for/of someone) + to-infinitive (+ rest of sentence)
It is good/ nice to talk.
It is good/kind of you to talk to me.
It is important to drink lots of fluids.
THE TO-INFINITIVE WITH ADVERBS
The to-infinitive is used with the adverbs too and enough
EXAMPLES
-
This sleeping pill is too dangerous to take .
-
She was too sick to work.
-
I've had enough fluid to drink.
THE TO-INFINITIVE WITH QUESTION WORDS
After question word such as where, how, what, who, & when + the to-infinitive in INDIRECT QUESTIONS
EXAMPLES
-
She asked me how to take painkillers
-
Do you understand what to do when you catch a cold?
-
Tell me when to take this cough syrop
FUNCTIONS OF THE BARE INFINITIVE
AFTER modal verbs
EXAMPLES
-
She can't speak to the surgeon.
-
He should give her some medicine
-
Shall I talk to the physician?
-
You must visit the doctor today
THE ZERO INFINITIVE AFTER THE VERBS 'MAKE' AND 'LET'
EXAMPLES
-
Her parents let her go to the chemist`s alone
-
Let's go to the doctor`s office together.
-
You made me throw up/ vomit
-
Don't make me read that prescription!!
THE ZERO INFINITIVE AFTER THE EXPRESSION 'HAD BETTER/ WOULD RATHER'
EXAMPLES
-
We had better drink lots of fluid.
-
She had better ask him not to take those pills.
-
You had better make an appointment with your doctor
-
He'd rather (not) go by car
Important Note: Because an infinitive is not a verb, you cannot add s, es, ed, or ing to the end.
verbs that need to be followed by an infinitive:
-
agree: I agreed to go to a party with my friend.
-
Advise
-
Afford
-
Arrange
-
choose
-
decide: The president decided not to participate in the discussions.
-
deserve: Everyone deserves to be respected.
-
expect: I expect to know my exam grade by tomorrow.
-
forget
-
hope: We were hoping to avoid traffic by leaving early.
-
learn: He learned not to trust anyone.
-
manage
-
need: She needs to learn how to cook.
-
offer: I offered to help my brother with homework.
-
plan: We are planning to watch a movie tonight.
-
promise: My friend promised to find the time to help me move.
-
seem: We seem to be lost.
-
Tell
-
try
-
wait: I cannot wait to see my family.
-
want: I don’t want to go to bed yet.
Would like/love/prefer
To remember those words better let`s read a story (it has no sense just makes the words easier to understand)
I must agree to advise you to afford to arrange the meeting and to choose to decide that he really deserves to expect us to forget to hope to learn this but manage to offer that he needs to promise to plan everything and tell him to try to wait if he wants to be happy.
Watch the video to understand the material better
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Db-k1aAq0qA
extra grammar material: verbs followed by Infinitives only
https://7esl.com/verbs-followed-by-infinitives/
To practice and master your skills in using Infinitives do the test:
https://onlinetestpad.com/hmljq64g6f6gk
HOME ASSIGNMENT
grammar rules
ex. 4 p. 63 (SB)
task C p. 44 (WB)





