top of page

Lesson 11

INFINITIVES.

Revision:

 Read and translate

 To prescribe some eye-drops

To run a  temperature

To have a fever

 To have an itchy rash

To catch a cold

To run out of pills

To take some painkillers to take away the pain

To cough and sneeze

To be allergic to red fruit

To get over the flu in a week

NEW MATERIAL                             GRAMMAR

The infinitive is the base form of a verb.

The present infinitive has two forms:

  • the to-infinitive = to + V           (to sit, to eat, to have…)

  • the bare infinitive = V               (sit, eat, play)

The negative infinitive is formed by putting not in front of any form of the infinitive.  ( not to V/ not V) not to work/ not work

EXAMPLES

  • I`ve decided not to go to make an appointment with my doctor

  • He asked me not to cough and sneeze in the kitchen

  • I'd like you not to sneeze so loudly.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
THE TO-INFINITIVE TO INDICATE THE PURPOSE OR INTENTION OF AN ACTION

In this case to has the same meaning as in order to  (why, what for?)

EXAMPLES
  • She came to take her blood pressure

  • I am calling to ask you about your symptoms

 
 
THE TO-INFINITIVE TO INDICATE WHAT SOMETHING CAN OR WILL BE USED FOR

In this pattern, the to-infinitive follows a noun or pronoun. (what for?)

EXAMPLES
  • I need a painkiller to take away the pain in my bones.

THE TO-INFINITIVE AFTER ADJECTIVES
subject + to be + adjective + (for/of someone) + to-infinitive + (rest of sentence)

Subject   to be   + adjective     (+ for/of someone)    + to-infinitive   (+ rest of sentence)

It                 is        good/ nice                                to talk.

It                 is         good/kind  of you                 to talk             to me.

It                 is           important                              to drink          lots of fluids.

 

THE TO-INFINITIVE WITH ADVERBS

The to-infinitive is used with the adverbs too and enough 

EXAMPLES

  • This sleeping pill is too dangerous to take .

  • She was too sick to work.

  • I've had enough fluid to drink.

 
 
THE TO-INFINITIVE WITH QUESTION WORDS

After question word such as where, how, what, who, & when + the to-infinitive in INDIRECT QUESTIONS

EXAMPLES
  • She asked me how to take painkillers

  • Do you understand what to do when you catch a cold?

  • Tell me when to take this cough syrop

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

FUNCTIONS OF THE BARE INFINITIVE

AFTER modal verbs 
EXAMPLES
  • She can't speak to the surgeon.

  • He should give her some medicine

  • Shall I talk to the physician?

  • You must visit the doctor today

THE ZERO INFINITIVE AFTER THE VERBS 'MAKE' AND 'LET'
EXAMPLES
  • Her parents let her go to the chemist`s alone

  • Let's go to the doctor`s office together.

  • You made me throw up/ vomit

  • Don't make me read that prescription!!

THE ZERO INFINITIVE AFTER THE EXPRESSION 'HAD BETTER/ WOULD RATHER'
EXAMPLES
  • We had better drink lots of fluid.

  • She had better ask him not to take those pills.

  • You had better make an appointment with your doctor

  • He'd rather (not) go by car

 

 

 

Important NoteBecause an infinitive is not a verb, you cannot add s, es, ed, or ing to the end.

 verbs that need to be followed by an infinitive:

 

  • agree:                   I agreed to go to a party with my friend.

  • Advise

  • Afford

  • Arrange

  • choose

  • decide:                    The president decided not to participate in the discussions.

  • deserve:                    Everyone deserves to be respected.

  • expect:                 I expect to know my exam grade by tomorrow.

  • forget

  • hope:                   We were hoping to avoid traffic by leaving early.

  • learn:                     He learned not to trust anyone.

  • manage

  • need:                            She needs to learn how to cook.

  • offer:                          I offered to help my brother with homework.

  • plan:                             We are planning to watch a movie tonight.

  • promise:                       My friend promised to find the time to help me move.

  • seem:                           We seem to be lost.

  • Tell

  • try

  • wait:                                  I cannot wait to see my family.

  • want:                                 I don’t want to go to bed yet.

Would like/love/prefer

To remember those words better let`s read a story (it has no sense just makes the words easier to understand)

I must agree to advise you to afford to arrange the meeting and to choose to decide that he really deserves to expect us to forget to hope to learn this but manage to offer that he needs to promise to plan everything  and tell him to try to wait if he wants to be happy.

Watch the video to understand the material better

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Db-k1aAq0qA

extra grammar material: verbs followed by Infinitives only

https://7esl.com/verbs-followed-by-infinitives/

To practice and master your skills in using Infinitives do the test:

https://onlinetestpad.com/hmljq64g6f6gk

HOME ASSIGNMENT

grammar rules

ex. 4 p. 63 (SB)

task C p. 44 (WB)

img055.jpg
ing-infinitive-8-638.jpg
ing-infinitive-9-638.jpg
ing-infinitive-7-638.jpg
ing-infinitive-6-638.jpg
ing-infinitive-5-638.jpg
bottom of page