LESSON 11

INFINITIVES.

Revision:

Read and translate

To prescribe some eye-drops

To run a temperature

To have a fever

To have an itchy rash

To catch a cold

To run out of pills

To take some painkillers to take away the pain

To cough and sneeze

To be allergic to red fruit

To get over the flu in a week

NEW MATERIAL GRAMMAR

The infinitive is the base form of a verb.

The present infinitive has two forms:

the to-infinitive = to + V (to sit, to eat, to have…)
the bare infinitive = V (sit, eat, play)

The negative infinitive is formed by putting not in front of any form of the infinitive. ( not to V/ not V) not to work/ not work

EXAMPLES

I`ve decided not to go to make an appointment with my doctor
He asked me not to cough and sneeze in the kitchen
I'd like you not to sneeze so loudly.

THE TO-INFINITIVE TO INDICATE THE PURPOSE OR INTENTION OF AN ACTION

In this case to has the same meaning as in order to (why, what for?)

EXAMPLES

She came to take her blood pressure
I am calling to ask you about your symptoms

THE TO-INFINITIVE TO INDICATE WHAT SOMETHING CAN OR WILL BE USED FOR

In this pattern, the to-infinitive follows a noun or pronoun. (what for?)

EXAMPLES

I need a painkiller to take away the pain in my bones.

THE TO-INFINITIVE AFTER ADJECTIVES
subject + to be + adjective + (for/of someone) + to-infinitive + (rest of sentence)

Subject to be + adjective (+ for/of someone) + to-infinitive (+ rest of sentence)

It is good/ nice to talk.

It is good/kind of you to talk to me.

It is important to drink lots of fluids.

THE TO-INFINITIVE WITH ADVERBS

The to-infinitive is used with the adverbs too and enough

EXAMPLES

This sleeping pill is too dangerous to take .
She was too sick to work.
I've had enough fluid to drink.

THE TO-INFINITIVE WITH QUESTION WORDS

After question word such as where, how, what, who, & when + the to-infinitive in INDIRECT QUESTIONS

EXAMPLES

She asked me how to take painkillers
Do you understand what to do when you catch a cold?
Tell me when to take this cough syrop

FUNCTIONS OF THE BARE INFINITIVE

AFTER modal verbs

EXAMPLES

She can't speak to the surgeon.
He should give her some medicine
Shall I talk to the physician?
You must visit the doctor today

THE ZERO INFINITIVE AFTER THE VERBS 'MAKE' AND 'LET'

EXAMPLES

Her parents let her go to the chemist`s alone
Let's go to the doctor`s office together.
You made me throw up/ vomit
Don't make me read that prescription!!

THE ZERO INFINITIVE AFTER THE EXPRESSION 'HAD BETTER/ WOULD RATHER'

EXAMPLES

We had better drink lots of fluid.
She had better ask him not to take those pills.
You had better make an appointment with your doctor
He'd rather (not) go by car

Important Note: Because an infinitive is not a verb, you cannot add s, es, ed, or ing to the end.

verbs that need to be followed by an infinitive:

agree: I agreed to go to a party with my friend.
Advise
Afford
Arrange
choose

decide: The president decided not to participate in the discussions.

deserve: Everyone deserves to be respected.

expect: I expect to know my exam grade by tomorrow.
forget

hope: We were hoping to avoid traffic by leaving early.

learn: He learned not to trust anyone.
manage

need: She needs to learn how to cook.

offer: I offered to help my brother with homework.

plan: We are planning to watch a movie tonight.

promise: My friend promised to find the time to help me move.

seem: We seem to be lost.
Tell
try

wait: I cannot wait to see my family.

want: I don’t want to go to bed yet.

Would like/love/prefer

To remember those words better let`s read a story (it has no sense just makes the words easier to understand)

I must agree to advise you to afford to arrange the meeting and to choose to decide that he really deserves to expect us to forget to hope to learn this but manage to offer that he needs to promise to plan everything and tell him to try to wait if he wants to be happy.