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Lesson 16

GERUND (-ing)

Take a look at 3 sentences and read out only Gerund forms:

The crew was sending SOS signal while the ship was sinking

I dislike talking about silly things in the situations of distress

She always reads books sitting on the floor

There is only 1 sentence with Gerund.

Some important things you must remember about Gerund:

every gerund is a verb with -ing tacked to its tail

It consists of  verb + ing  (!!! No auxiliary verb  TO BE!!!!!)

Gerund is a word that is formed with verbs but act as a noun

Gerund as Subject:

EXAMPLES

  • Hunting tigers is dangerous.

  • Flying makes me nervous.

  • Brushing your teeth is important.

  • Smoking causes lung cancer.

 

Gerund as Object:

I enjoy reading.

 

Gerund after the following verbs (35!!!)

·admit  /ədˈmɪt/ визнавати

He admitted making a mistake. /    (+ (that) ] She admitted (that) she had made a mistake.)

 

·avoid  /əˈvɔɪd/ уникати

They avoid going on holiday on Saturdays.

 

·Consider /kənˈsɪd.ər/ брати до уваги, обмірковувати

Ralph is considering buying a new house.

Would you consider fostering a child?

 

·Delay /dɪˈleɪ/ відкладати, відстрочувати

delayed telling Max the news.

·Deny /dɪˈnaɪ/ заперечувати, відмовляти, спростовувати

She denies reading the book.          

[ + -ing verb ] Neil denies breaking the window.

[ + that ] Neil denies that he broke the window, but I'm sure he did.

·Detest /dɪˈtest/ мати відразу

detest working with Max.

·can't/couldn't help- не можу зарадити

He couldn't help falling in love with her.

 

·enjoy

enjoy playing chess.

·dislike

They dislike working in the garden.

·Imagine /ɪˈmædʒ.ɪn/ уявляти

He imagined driving a new car.

·Include  /ɪnˈkluːd/ включати ( до складу)

Your responsibility includes talking  on the phone.

·Involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/ залучати

The project will involve growing plants.

·Mind- заперечувати, звертати увагу

I don't mind sleeping on the couch.

·Miss- скучати

They miss playing with their friends.

 

·practise

She practised playing hockey.

 

·Risk- ризикувати

You risk catching a cold.

You risk getting infected with corona virus

·Suggest

You suggest going to the park

·fancy

Do you fancy drinking a cup of tea?

THE GERUND AFTER PREPOSITIONS

The gerund must be used when a verb comes followed by a preposition.

EXAMPLES

  • Can you sneeze without opening your mouth?

  • She is good at painting.

  • She avoided him by walking on the opposite side of the road.

  • We arrived in Madrid after driving all night.

  • My father was  against postponing his trip to Hungar

THE GERUND AFTER PHRASAL VERBS

Phrasal verbs are composed of a verb + preposition or adverb.

EXAMPLES

  • When will you give up smoking?

  • She always puts off going to the dentist.

  • He kept on asking for money.

  • Jim ended up buying a new TV after his old one broke.

There are some phrasal verbs that include the word "to" as a preposition for example

 to look forward to, to take to, to be accustomed to, to get around to, & to be used to. It is important to recognise that the word "to" is a preposition in these cases because it must be followed by a gerund. It is not part of the infinitive form of the verb. You can check whether "to" is a preposition or part of the infinitive. If you can put the pronoun "it" after the word "to" and form a meaningful sentence, then the word "to" is a preposition and must be followed by a gerund.

EXAMPLES

  • look forward to hearing from you soon.

  • I look forward to it.

  • I am used to waiting for buses.

  • I am used to it.

THE GERUND AFTER SOME EXPRESSIONS

The gerund is necessary after the expressions can't help, can't stand, to be worth, & it's no use.

EXAMPLES

  • She couldn't help falling in love with him.

  • can't stand being stuck in traffic jams.

  • It's no use trying to escape.

  • It might be worth phoning the station to check the time of the train.

 

To understand it better watch the video explanation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9USdrhwed04

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sa5FG3ZvlhU

PRACTISING

  1. Ex. 3 p. 65 (SB)

  2. Test

 

https://onlinetestpad.com/hpsfezy3x54yo

Home Assignment

Grammar (+ p. 130)

Ex. 4 p. 65 (SB)

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