Lesson 16
GERUND (-ing)
Take a look at 3 sentences and read out only Gerund forms:
The crew was sending SOS signal while the ship was sinking
I dislike talking about silly things in the situations of distress
She always reads books sitting on the floor
There is only 1 sentence with Gerund.
Some important things you must remember about Gerund:
every gerund is a verb with -ing tacked to its tail
It consists of verb + ing (!!! No auxiliary verb TO BE!!!!!)
Gerund is a word that is formed with verbs but act as a noun
Gerund as Subject:
EXAMPLES
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Hunting tigers is dangerous.
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Flying makes me nervous.
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Brushing your teeth is important.
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Smoking causes lung cancer.
Gerund as Object:
I enjoy reading.
Gerund after the following verbs (35!!!)
·admit /ədˈmɪt/ визнавати
He admitted making a mistake. / (+ (that) ] She admitted (that) she had made a mistake.)
·avoid /əˈvɔɪd/ уникати
They avoid going on holiday on Saturdays.
·Consider /kənˈsɪd.ər/ брати до уваги, обмірковувати
Ralph is considering buying a new house.
Would you consider fostering a child?
·Delay /dɪˈleɪ/ відкладати, відстрочувати
I delayed telling Max the news.
·Deny /dɪˈnaɪ/ заперечувати, відмовляти, спростовувати
She denies reading the book.
[ + -ing verb ] Neil denies breaking the window.
[ + that ] Neil denies that he broke the window, but I'm sure he did.
·Detest /dɪˈtest/ мати відразу
I detest working with Max.
·can't/couldn't help- не можу зарадити
He couldn't help falling in love with her.
·enjoy
I enjoy playing chess.
·dislike
They dislike working in the garden.
·Imagine /ɪˈmædʒ.ɪn/ уявляти
He imagined driving a new car.
·Include /ɪnˈkluːd/ включати ( до складу)
Your responsibility includes talking on the phone.
·Involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/ залучати
The project will involve growing plants.
·Mind- заперечувати, звертати увагу
I don't mind sleeping on the couch.
·Miss- скучати
They miss playing with their friends.
·practise
She practised playing hockey.
·Risk- ризикувати
You risk catching a cold.
You risk getting infected with corona virus
·Suggest
You suggest going to the park
·fancy
Do you fancy drinking a cup of tea?
THE GERUND AFTER PREPOSITIONS
The gerund must be used when a verb comes followed by a preposition.
EXAMPLES
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Can you sneeze without opening your mouth?
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She is good at painting.
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She avoided him by walking on the opposite side of the road.
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We arrived in Madrid after driving all night.
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My father was against postponing his trip to Hungar
THE GERUND AFTER PHRASAL VERBS
Phrasal verbs are composed of a verb + preposition or adverb.
EXAMPLES
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When will you give up smoking?
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She always puts off going to the dentist.
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He kept on asking for money.
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Jim ended up buying a new TV after his old one broke.
There are some phrasal verbs that include the word "to" as a preposition for example
to look forward to, to take to, to be accustomed to, to get around to, & to be used to. It is important to recognise that the word "to" is a preposition in these cases because it must be followed by a gerund. It is not part of the infinitive form of the verb. You can check whether "to" is a preposition or part of the infinitive. If you can put the pronoun "it" after the word "to" and form a meaningful sentence, then the word "to" is a preposition and must be followed by a gerund.
EXAMPLES
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I look forward to hearing from you soon.
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I look forward to it.
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I am used to waiting for buses.
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I am used to it.
THE GERUND AFTER SOME EXPRESSIONS
The gerund is necessary after the expressions can't help, can't stand, to be worth, & it's no use.
EXAMPLES
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She couldn't help falling in love with him.
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I can't stand being stuck in traffic jams.
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It's no use trying to escape.
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It might be worth phoning the station to check the time of the train.
To understand it better watch the video explanation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9USdrhwed04
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sa5FG3ZvlhU
PRACTISING
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Ex. 3 p. 65 (SB)
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Test
https://onlinetestpad.com/hpsfezy3x54yo
Home Assignment
Grammar (+ p. 130)
Ex. 4 p. 65 (SB)
